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<title>Payload Assist Module</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Payload Assist Module</span></span>

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<p>The <b>Payload Assist Module</b> (PAM) is a modular upper stage designed and built by <a href="McDonnell_Douglas" title="McDonnell Douglas">McDonnell Douglas</a> (<a href="Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a>), using <a href="Thiokol" title="Thiokol">Thiokol</a> Star-series solid propellant rocket motors. The PAM was used with the <a href="Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a>, <a href="Delta_(rocket_family)" title="Delta (rocket family)">Delta</a>, and <a href="Titan_(rocket_family)" title="Titan (rocket family)">Titan</a> launchers and carried <a href="Satellite" title="Satellite">satellites</a> from <a href="Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">low Earth orbit</a> to a geostationary transfer orbit or an interplanetary course. The payload was spin stabilized by being mounted on a rotating plate.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally developed for the Space Shuttle, different versions of the PAM were developed:

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<ul><li>PAM-A (<a href="Atlas_(rocket_family)" title="Atlas (rocket family)">Atlas</a> class), development terminated; originally to be used on both the Atlas and Space Shuttle, designed for satellites up to 4,400 lb (2,000 kg)</li>

<li>PAM-D (<a href="Delta_(rocket_family)" title="Delta (rocket family)">Delta</a> class), uses a <a href="Star_48#Star_48B" title="Star 48">Star-48B</a> rocket motor, designed for satellites up to 2,750 lb (1,250 kg)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>PAM-DII (Delta class), uses a <a href="Star_(rocket_stage)#Star_63" title="Star (rocket stage)">Star-63</a> rocket motor, designed for satellites up to 4,150 lb (1,880 kg)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>PAM-S (Special), uses a Star-48B as a kick motor for the space probe <a href="Ulysses_(spacecraft)" title="Ulysses (spacecraft)"><i>Ulysses</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<p>The PAM-D module was used as an optional third stage of the classic Delta rocket. The PAM-D was discontinued after the Challenger accident. A simplified 3rd stage using the STAR-48 motor was employed on Delta II.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2001_re-entry_incident">2001 re-entry incident</h2></div>

<p>On January 12, 2001, a PAM-D module re-entered the atmosphere after a "catastrophic orbital decay".<sup id="cite_ref-orb_debris_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-orb_debris-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The PAM-D stage, which had been used to launch the <a href="Global_Positioning_System" title="Global Positioning System">GPS satellite</a> <a href="USA-91" title="USA-91">2A-11</a> in 1993, crashed in the sparsely populated <a href="Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabian</a> desert, where it was positively identified.<sup id="cite_ref-orb_debris_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-orb_debris-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2></div>

<div class="gallerytext">PAM-D stage in assembly</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">SBS-3 satellite with PAM-D stage being launched from <span class="nowrap"><a href="Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a></span> <a href="Space_Shuttle_Columbia" title="Space Shuttle Columbia"><i>Columbia</i></a></div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Saudi officials inspect a PAM-D module that re-entered the atmosphere in 2001</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">SATCOM KU-2 attached to a PAM-DII is being released from the cargo bay of the Space Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis during STS-61B</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Ulysses is mated with the PAM-S</div>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/space/systems/pam.htm">"Payload Assist Module (PAM)"</a>. Global Security<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 8,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKrebs" class="citation web cs1">Krebs, Gunter D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_stage/pam-d.htm">"PAM-D, PAM-D2, PAM-S"</a>. <i>Gunter's Space Page</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-05</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-orb_debris-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-orb_debris_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-orb_debris_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orbitaldebris.jsc.nasa.gov/quarterly-news/pdfs/odqnv6i2.pdf">"PAM-D Debris Falls in Saudi Arabia"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Orbital Debris Quarterly News</i>. <b>6</b> (2). NASA <a href="Johnson_Space_Center" title="Johnson Space Center">Johnson Space Center</a>: 1. April 2001.</cite></span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Payload_Assist_Module" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Payload Assist Module">Payload Assist Module</a></span>.</div></div>

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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/technology/sts-newsref/carriers.html#pam-d">Payload Assist Module</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161221070222/http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/technology/sts-newsref/carriers.html#pam-d">Archived</a> 2016-12-21 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at the NASA Shuttle Reference Manual</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/space/systems/pam.htm">Payload Assist Module</a> at GlobalSecurity.org</li></ul>

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</style><div id="USAF_and_USSF_space_vehicle_designations_(since_1962)1835" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">USAF</a> and <a href="United_States_Space_Force" title="United States Space Force">USSF</a> space vehicle designations (since 1962)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">SLV series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Scout_(rocket_family)" title="Scout (rocket family)">SLV-1 (Scout)</a></li>

<li><a href="Atlas_(rocket_family)" title="Atlas (rocket family)">SLV-3 (Atlas)</a></li>

<li><a href="Titan_II_GLV" title="Titan II GLV">SLV-4 (Titan II)</a></li>

<li><a href="Titan_(rocket_family)" title="Titan (rocket family)">SLV-5 (Titan)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">SB series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Satellites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div>

<ul><li><sup>1</sup> Not assigned</li>

<li><sup>2</sup> Unofficial designation</li>

<li><sup>3</sup> Designation believed to be this type but unconfirmed</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Upper_stages36" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Upper_stages36" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Upper_stage" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper stage">Upper stages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Castor_(rocket_stage)#Castor_30" title="Castor (rocket stage)">Castor 30</a></li>

<li><a href="Centaur_(rocket_stage)" title="Centaur (rocket stage)">Centaur</a></li>

<li><a href="Fregat" title="Fregat">Fregat</a></li>

<li><a href="SpaceX_Starship_(spacecraft)" title="SpaceX Starship (spacecraft)">Starship</a></li>

<li><a href="Volga_(rocket_stage)" title="Volga (rocket stage)">Volga</a></li>

<li><a href="Yuanzheng" title="Yuanzheng">Yuanzheng</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Planned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Advanced_Cryogenic_Evolved_Stage" title="Advanced Cryogenic Evolved Stage">Advanced Cryogenic Evolved Stage</a></li>

<li><a href="Exploration_Upper_Stage" title="Exploration Upper Stage">Exploration Upper Stage</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retired</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="RM-81_Agena" title="RM-81 Agena">Agena</a></li>

<li><a href="Altair_(rocket_stage)" title="Altair (rocket stage)">Altair</a></li>

<li><a href="Astris_(rocket_stage)" title="Astris (rocket stage)">Astris</a></li>

<li><a href="Burner_(rocket_stage)" title="Burner (rocket stage)">Burner</a></li>

<li>Delta-D</li>

<li><a href="Delta-K" title="Delta-K">Delta-K</a></li>

<li><a href="Delta-P" title="Delta-P">Delta-P</a></li>

<li><a href="Inertial_Upper_Stage" title="Inertial Upper Stage">Inertial Upper Stage</a></li>

<li><a href="S-IV" title="S-IV">Saturn IV</a></li>

<li><a href="S-IVB" title="S-IVB">Saturn IVB</a></li>

<li><a href="Transfer_Orbit_Stage" title="Transfer Orbit Stage">Transfer Orbit Stage</a></li>

<li><a href="Transtage" title="Transtage">Transtage</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Space_Shuttle_program335" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Space_Shuttle_program335" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Space_Shuttle_program" title="Space Shuttle program">Space Shuttle program</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Space_Shuttle_missions" title="List of Space Shuttle missions">List of missions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Space_Shuttle_crews" title="List of Space Shuttle crews">List of crews</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Space_Shuttle_orbiter" title="Space Shuttle orbiter">Orbiter</a></li>

<li><a href="Space_Shuttle_Solid_Rocket_Booster" title="Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster">Solid Rocket Booster</a></li>

<li><a href="Space_Shuttle_external_tank" title="Space Shuttle external tank">External tank</a></li>

<li><a href="RS-25" title="RS-25">Main engine</a></li>

<li><a href="Orbital_Maneuvering_System" title="Orbital Maneuvering System">Orbital Maneuvering System</a></li>

<li><a href="Reaction_control_system" title="Reaction control system">Reaction control system</a></li>

<li><a href="Space_Shuttle_thermal_protection_system" title="Space Shuttle thermal protection system">Thermal protection system</a></li>

<li><a href="Booster_separation_motor" title="Booster separation motor">Booster separation motor</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Space_Shuttle_orbiter" title="Space Shuttle orbiter">Orbiters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Space_Shuttle_Enterprise" title="Space Shuttle Enterprise"><i>Enterprise</i></a></li>

<li><a href="Space_Shuttle_Columbia" title="Space Shuttle Columbia"><i>Columbia</i></a></li>

<li><a href="Space_Shuttle_Challenger" title="Space Shuttle Challenger"><i>Challenger</i></a></li>

<li><a href="Space_Shuttle_Discovery" title="Space Shuttle Discovery"><i>Discovery</i></a></li>

<li><a href="Space_Shuttle_Atlantis" title="Space Shuttle Atlantis"><i>Atlantis</i></a></li>

<li><a href="Space_Shuttle_Endeavour" title="Space Shuttle Endeavour"><i>Endeavour</i></a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Add-ons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Spacelab" title="Spacelab">Spacelab</a> <small>(ESA)</small></li>

<li><a href="Canadarm" title="Canadarm">Canadarm</a> <small>(CSA)</small></li>

<li><a href="Extended_Duration_Orbiter" title="Extended Duration Orbiter">Extended Duration Orbiter</a></li>

<li><a href="STS-3xx#Remote_Control_Orbiter" title="STS-3xx">Remote Controlled Orbiter</a></li>

<li><a href="Spacehab" class="mw-redirect" title="Spacehab">Spacehab</a></li>

<li><a href="Multi-Purpose_Logistics_Module" title="Multi-Purpose Logistics Module">Multi-Purpose Logistics Module</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39">Launch Complex 39</a>

<li><a href="Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base_Space_Launch_Complex_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandenberg Air Force Base Space Launch Complex 6">Space Launch Complex 6</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Space_Shuttle_landing_sites" title="List of Space Shuttle landing sites">Landing sites</a>

<ul><li><a href="Shuttle_Landing_Facility" title="Shuttle Landing Facility">Shuttle Landing Facility</a></li>

<li><a href="Space_Shuttle_abort_modes#Emergency_landing_sites" title="Space Shuttle abort modes">Abort landing sites</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations<br>and training</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_Space_Shuttle_missions" title="List of Space Shuttle missions">Missions</a> <small>(<a href="Canceled_Space_Shuttle_missions" title="Canceled Space Shuttle missions">canceled</a>)</small></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Space_Shuttle_crews" title="List of Space Shuttle crews">Crews</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_Space_Shuttle_missions" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Space Shuttle missions">Mission timeline</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Space_Shuttle_rollbacks" title="List of Space Shuttle rollbacks">Rollbacks</a></li>

<li><a href="Space_Shuttle_abort_modes" title="Space Shuttle abort modes">Abort modes</a></li>

<li><a href="Rendezvous_pitch_maneuver" title="Rendezvous pitch maneuver">Rendezvous pitch maneuver</a></li>

<li><a href="Shuttle_Mission_Simulator" title="Shuttle Mission Simulator">Shuttle Mission Simulator</a></li>

<li><a href="Shuttle_Training_Aircraft" title="Shuttle Training Aircraft">Shuttle Training Aircraft</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Testing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Space_Shuttle_Inspiration" title="Space Shuttle Inspiration"><i>Inspiration</i> <small>(design)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Space_Shuttle_Pathfinder" title="Space Shuttle Pathfinder"><i>Pathfinder</i> <small>(simulator)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Space_Shuttle_Main_Propulsion_Test_Article" title="Space Shuttle Main Propulsion Test Article">MPTA <small>(engine test article)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Approach_and_Landing_Tests" title="Approach and Landing Tests">Approach and Landing Tests</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disasters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Challenger disaster"><i>Challenger</i> disaster</a> (<a href="Rogers_Commission_Report" title="Rogers Commission Report">report</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Space_Shuttle_Columbia_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Columbia disaster"><i>Columbia</i> disaster</a> (<a href="Columbia_Accident_Investigation_Board" title="Columbia Accident Investigation Board">report</a>)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Support</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Crawler-transporter" title="Crawler-transporter">Crawler-transporter</a></li>

<li><a href="Mate-Demate_Device" title="Mate-Demate Device">Mate-Demate Device</a></li>

<li><a href="Mobile_launcher_platform#Apollo_and_Space_Shuttle" title="Mobile launcher platform">Mobile Launcher Platform</a></li>

<li><a href="NASA_recovery_ship" title="NASA recovery ship">NASA recovery ship</a></li>

<li><a href="Orbiter_Processing_Facility" title="Orbiter Processing Facility">Orbiter Processing Facility</a></li>

<li><a href="Shuttle_Avionics_Integration_Laboratory" title="Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory">Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL)</a></li>

<li><a href="Shuttle_Carrier_Aircraft" title="Shuttle Carrier Aircraft">Shuttle Carrier Aircraft</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_Shuttle_Carrier_Aircraft_flights" title="List of Shuttle Carrier Aircraft flights">flights</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Shuttle_Training_Aircraft" title="Shuttle Training Aircraft">Shuttle Training Aircraft</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="STS-61-A" title="STS-61-A">Deutschland-1</a></li>

<li><a href="Getaway_Special" title="Getaway Special">Getaway Special</a></li>

<li><a href="Journalist_in_Space_Project" title="Journalist in Space Project">Journalist in Space Project</a></li>

<li><a href="Teacher_in_Space_Project" title="Teacher in Space Project">Teacher in Space Project</a></li>

<li><a href="Shuttle%E2%80%93Mir_program" title="Shuttle–Mir program">Shuttle-Mir</a></li>

<li><a href="Hitchhiker_Program" title="Hitchhiker Program">Hitchhiker</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Space suits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Extravehicular_Mobility_Unit" title="Extravehicular Mobility Unit">Extravehicular Mobility Unit</a></li>

<li><a href="Shuttle_Ejection_Escape_Suit" title="Shuttle Ejection Escape Suit">Shuttle Ejection Escape Suit</a></li>

<li><a href="Launch_Entry_Suit" title="Launch Entry Suit">Launch Entry Suit</a></li>

<li><a href="Advanced_Crew_Escape_Suit" title="Advanced Crew Escape Suit">Advanced Crew Escape Suit</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Experiments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Freestar_experiment" title="Freestar experiment">Freestar experiments</a></li>

<li><a href="Inflatable_Antenna_Experiment" title="Inflatable Antenna Experiment">Inflatable Antenna Experiment</a></li>

<li><a href="Spartan_Packet_Radio_Experiment" title="Spartan Packet Radio Experiment">Spartan Packet Radio Experiment</a></li>

<li><a href="Shuttle_pallet_satellite" title="Shuttle pallet satellite">Shuttle pallet satellite</a></li>

<li><a href="Wake_Shield_Facility" title="Wake Shield Facility">Wake Shield Facility</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Shuttle-Derived_Vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuttle-Derived Vehicle">Derivatives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Saturn-Shuttle" title="Saturn-Shuttle">Saturn-Shuttle</a></li>

<li><a href="Magnum_(rocket)" title="Magnum (rocket)">Magnum</a></li>

<li><a href="Shuttle-Derived_Heavy_Lift_Launch_Vehicle" title="Shuttle-Derived Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle">Shuttle-Derived Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle</a></li>

<li><a href="Jupiter_(rocket_family)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter (rocket family)">Jupiter</a></li>

<li><a href="Shuttle-C" title="Shuttle-C">Shuttle-C</a></li>

<li><a href="Shuttle-Centaur" title="Shuttle-Centaur">Shuttle-Centaur</a></li>

<li>Ares

<li><a href="Liberty_(rocket)" title="Liberty (rocket)">Liberty</a></li>

<li><a href="Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">Space Launch System</a></li>

<li><a href="OmegA" title="OmegA">OmegA</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Replicas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Space_Shuttle_Independence" title="Space Shuttle Independence"><i>Independence</i></a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Space_Shuttle_design_process" title="Space Shuttle design process">Space Shuttle design process</a>

<ul><li><a href="Studied_Space_Shuttle_designs" title="Studied Space Shuttle designs">studied designs</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Inertial_Upper_Stage" title="Inertial Upper Stage">Inertial Upper Stage</a></li>

<li><a href="International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a></li>

<li><a href="Criticism_of_the_Space_Shuttle_program" title="Criticism of the Space Shuttle program">Criticism</a></li>

<li><a href="Space_Shuttle_retirement" title="Space Shuttle retirement">Retirement</a></li>

<li><a href="Conroy_Virtus" title="Conroy Virtus">Conroy Virtus</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Hail_Columbia_(film)" title="Hail Columbia (film)">Hail Columbia</a></i> (1982 documentary)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Dream_Is_Alive" title="The Dream Is Alive">The Dream Is Alive</a></i> (1985 documentary)</li>

<li><i><a href="Challenger_(1990_film)" title="Challenger (1990 film)">Challenger</a></i> (1990 film)</li>

<li><i><a href="Destiny_in_Space" title="Destiny in Space">Destiny in Space</a></i> (1994 documentary)</li>

<li><i><a href="Columbia%3A_The_Tragic_Loss" title="Columbia: The Tragic Loss">Columbia: The Tragic Loss</a></i> (2004 documentary)</li>

<li><i><a href="Hubble_(film)" title="Hubble (film)">Hubble</a></i> (2010 documentary)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Challenger_Disaster" title="The Challenger Disaster">The Challenger Disaster</a></i> (2013 film)</li>

<li><i><a href="Challenger%3A_The_Final_Flight" title="Challenger: The Final Flight">Challenger: The Final Flight</a></i> (2020 documentary miniseries)</li>

<li><a href="Space_Shuttle_America" title="Space Shuttle America">Space Shuttle America</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Rendezvous%3A_A_Space_Shuttle_Simulation" title="Rendezvous: A Space Shuttle Simulation">Rendezvous: A Space Shuttle Simulation</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Space_Shuttle_Project" title="Space Shuttle Project">Space Shuttle Project</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Shuttle_(video_game)" title="Shuttle (video game)">Shuttle</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Space_Shuttle%3A_A_Journey_into_Space" title="Space Shuttle: A Journey into Space">Space Shuttle: A Journey into Space</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Space_Shuttle_Mission_2007" title="Space Shuttle Mission 2007">Space Shuttle Mission 2007</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Orbiter_(simulator)" title="Orbiter (simulator)"><i>Orbiter Space Flight Simulator</i></a></li>

<li><i><a href="When_We_Left_Earth%3A_The_NASA_Missions" title="When We Left Earth: The NASA Missions">When We Left Earth: The NASA Missions</a></i></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.flightgear.org/Space%20Shuttle">Flightgear Space Shuttle realistic simulation </a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-04-05" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Payload_Assist_Module&oldid=1284051090">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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